|
The Hasta Pura or Hasta Donatica was a decoration for merit, awarded in Ancient Rome.〔See the German Source on http://www.gottwein.de/latine/LLLh1.php "hasta Lanze, Stoßwaffe im Gegensatz zum Pilum, hasta pura Ehrenlanze, die einen Schaft aus Edelmetall und statt einer Spitze einen Knauf hatte. Sie wurde als Auszeichnung für Tapferkeit vergeben. (Source: Suetonius.Claud.28,1).〕 The Roman sources do not concur about the precise character of the decoration. Some call it a decoration for valour, others mention that it has been awarded to civilians. The ''hasta'' was a thrusting weapon that was not thrown as were the later ''pilum'', ''verutum'' or ''lancea''. A ''hasta pura'' was a spear made "without iron"〔Pliny. 7, 28, 29, § 102〕〔Suet. Claud. 28〕〔(Lewis&Short at Perseus )〕 and was in the earliest times the reward of a soldier the first time that he conquered in battle.〔Serv. ad Virg. Æn. vi. 760〕 Later it came to be awarded to a soldier who had struck down an enemy in a sally or skirmish.〔Lips. ad Polyb. de Milit. Rom. v. 17〕 Tacitus records a ''hasta pura'' being given as a decoration, bestowed upon a soldier for saving the life of a fellow-citizen: A civil servant called Tiberius Claudius Balbilus was awarded the ''hasta pura'' and perhaps also the ''corona aurea'' by Claudius during the Triumph to celebrate the conquest of Britain in 44AD.〔(Source: Suetonius.Claud.28,1).〕 As a friend and part of the Emperor’s retinue, it seems likely that his awards, as much as his military rank, were honorary.〔See http://www.legioxx.org.uk/xxdona.html Maxfield 1981, 160-161 It is also mentioned in the article Hasta (spear).〕 The ''hasta pura'' was also recorded as being given to the ''Primus pilus'' when he had completed his period of service. Also, such a gift is sometimes recorded in funereal inscriptions. Some have taken "without iron" to mean that the ''hasta pura'' had no head at all. The main evidence in support of this conjecture is that representations on some coins show a blunt spear. However, other coins clearly show a sharp spearhead and those that do not may be explained by poorly made coins or poorly drawn representations of them in publications. The ''hasta pura'' is mentioned in the second part of the Claudius novels by Robert Graves. Graves calls the decoration an "Arrow without a head", and refers to its award to Balbilus.〔See Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.〕 == References == * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hasta pura (military decoration)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|